History of World Cinema

Introduction There is none of the anti-Semitic films produced in the early nineteenth century that became as popular as the film Jud Suss by Veit Harlan. Anti-Semitism was a common phenomenon across Europe and particularly in Germany during this film’s production; but this film had anti-Semitism that has never been in any other piece of art before.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of World Cinema specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The people who can see properly find film language as an effective media of communication and Veit uses this tool appropriately in the film. Film language makes use of images to communicate ideas between the filmmaker and the viewers where Jud Suss is good at that. The maker of the film produced a film that was labeled as an anti-Semitic propaganda using film language Effective use of film language Throughout this film, anti-Semitism is presented in various forms and al l this is meant to build the Nazis agenda. In this film, the Jewish culture, religion and way of life come in focus in the attempt to emphasis Nazi’s agenda (Dahms Hazelrigg, 2010). In order to drive the Nazi agenda into the minds of the people the maker of this film begins with the basic or the most common aspect of Nazi stereotype. The physical and the personal appearance of the Jews are compared to that of the Germans and the filmmaker perfectly convinces the viewers that the Jews are inferior to the Germans. The maker of the film also convinces the audience that the Jews are physically unattractive. To achieve his claims the filmmaker in particular uses characters with hooked noses, which are physically unattractive to describe or portray the appearances of the Jews. In addition, to achieve this objective the filmmaker uses male characters who are unattractive and who appeared as aliens to play the roles of Jewish men. The Jewish men also had unshaven heads and wore unap pealing clothing unlike their German counterparts and of course Marian who represented a reformed Jew.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To add onto the physical appearance of the Jews, the filmmaker paints the Jews as people with questionable behaviors and morals. In the film, the Jews are described as cunning, untrustworthy, and materialistic people. Oppenheimer is one character in this film that bears all this accusations from how he conducts his jewels and money lending business. The Jews claim to be religious and holy people yet they are immoral. This is also another anti-Semitic message that the creator of the film, the Jud Suss, tried to bring to the attention of his viewer. In the film, the Jews are filmed worshiping in synagogues in the scene showing them entering Wurttemberg (Tegel, 2007). This scene portrays the Jews as religious people and people who love their rel igion as well as put it before everything else but the scenes that follows contradicts all this. In the film, Oppenheimer is tried after being captured for being involved in committing various crimes such as treason and fraud. His troubles with the law do not end there and later is executed for sexual with a German woman, which was unacceptable. From this act, all the Jews who lived in Wurttemberg are given a three days notice to vacate the area. Any viewer who watched this film and especially a German would be quick to notice that the film was full of Nazi stereotypes in how it presented the Jews and their culture. The filmmaker is able to achieve this by the right selection of plot and actors. At the beginning of the film, the Jews are portrayed as rootless people. The term wonderer is actually the best word that fully describes the Jews as presented in this film. On the other hand, their counterparts (Germans) live in Germany in their land and the land of their ancestors and they love their country. This Nazis stereotype against the Jew is evident in the early scenes of this film where Oppenheimer (Nazis) is involved in a conversation with an innocent German girl with the aim of inducing the Nazi ideology in her young minds.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of World Cinema specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This scene shapes the direction taken by the film for the rest of the film and therefore creates an impression in the viewer’s minds that in Germany the Jews are of no value. The film therefore portrays the Jews as aliens and unwanted people among the Germans. Being away from their country of origin and living in German is an unfortunate thing for the Jews. This is clearly demonstrated in this film as the root cause of all the problems that the Jews were going through. The Jews are accused of bringing more problems to the Germans, where they are accused of all the pr oblems that were there in Germany and this is evident from the film (Ascheid, 2003). Effective sound use Veit Harlan’s film Jud Suss is a good example of an agenda or ideology based film. The film is not complete if filmmaker is not effective in convincing the audience of a particular agenda. The maker of this film particularly attempts to convince the audience about the Nazi anti-Semitic message and agenda. As noted by lee (2000) the filmmaker artful and subtly presented the Nazi anti-Semitic agenda in the film. In communicating the films message, the viewer’s point of view is of great concern especially to the filmmaker. In this film, Veit is able to convince the viewer of the anti-Semitic agenda without himself being accused as anti-Semitic. As noted by Levy (2005) Veit brings out anti-Semitic message in his film through story strategy without being seen to take any stand. The use of sound in a film plays an important role in a film especially in capturing of the vi ewers attention. The maker of this film seems to be aware of this fact and therefore makes good use of sound throughout the film.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sound in the film is purposely applied to communicate the films maker’s agenda to the audience as well as being a tool for entertainment. In most of the scenes in the film sound that are typical with the Jewish religion, chants and music are common. The filmmaker uses these sounds to portray the Jews as backward and highly conservative people. The filmmaker also uses this sound to portray the Jews as highly religious people. Conclusion The film Jud Suss is one of the films produced in the 1940 that achieves its goals in driving the Nazi agenda and anti-Semitic message across the minds of its viewers. In this film, there are ways that Veit promotes the Nazis anti-Semitic agenda. To achieve his objective the filmmaker makes effective use of film language and sound. The filmmaker therefore uses characters, scenes and costumes that support anti-Semitic ideology. Finally, the filmmaker uses songs and chants to emphasis on his anti-Semitic message References Ascheid, A. (2003). Hit ler’s heroines: Stardom and womanhood in Nazi cinema. Philadelphia. Temple University Press. Dahms, H., Hazelrigg, L. (2010). Theorizing the dynamics of social process. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. Lee, S. (2000). European dictatorships, 1918-1945. London: Routledge. Levy, R. (2005). Anti-Semitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution. Santa Barbra: ABC-CLIO. Tegel, S. (2007). Nazis and the cinema. London: Hambledon Continuum/Continuum books. This term paper on History of World Cinema was written and submitted by user D'KenNeraman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Branched Chain Alkane Definition

Branched Chain Alkane Definition An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Heres what you need to know about the branched alkanes. Branched Alkane Definition A branched chain alkane or branched alkane is an alkane which has alkyl groups bonded to its central carbon chain. Branched alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen (C and H) atoms, with carbons connected to other carbons by single bonds only, but the molecules contain branches (methyl, ethyl, etc.) so they are not linear.   How to Name Simple Branched Chain Alkanes There are two parts to each name of a branched alkane. You may consider these parts as prefix and suffix, branch name and stem name, or alkyl and alkane. The alkyl groups or substituents are named in the same way as the parent alkanes, except each contains the suffix -yl. When not named, alkyl groups are represented as R-. Here is a table of common substituents: Substituent Name CH3- methyl CH3CH2- ethyl CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2- pentyl Names are constructed in the form  locant  Ã‚  substituent prefix  Ã‚  root name according to these rules: Name the longest alkane chain. This is the longest string of carbons.Identify the side chains or branches.Name each side chain.Number the stem carbons such that the side chains will have the lowest numbers.Use a hyphen (-) to separate the number of the stem carbon from the name of the side chain.The prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc. are used when there is more than one alkyl group attached to the main carbon chain, indicating how many times the specific alkyl group occurs.Write the names of different types of alkyl groups in alphabetical order.Branched alkanes may have the prefix iso. Examples of Branched Chain Alkane Names 2-methylpropane (This is the smallest branched chain alkane.)2-methylheptane2,3-dimethylhexane2,3,4-trimethylpentane Different Methods of Representing Branched Alkanes Linear and branched alkanes may be represented using a: skeletal formula, showing only bonds between carbon atomsshortened structural formula, showing atoms, but no bondsfull structural formula, with all atoms and bonds depicted3-D model, showing atoms and bonds in three dimensions Importance and Uses of Branched Alkanes Alkanes do not readily react because they are saturated hydrocarbons. However, they can be made to react to yield energy or to make useful products. Branched alkanes are of particular importance in the petroleum industry. When provided sufficient activation energy, alkanes react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy, thus alkanes are valuable fuels.The process of cracking breaks longer chains alkanes into smaller alkanes and alkenes to increase octane number and to make polymers.C4-C6 alkanes may be heated with platinum or aluminum oxide catalysts to cause isomerism to produce branched chain alkanes. This is used to improve octane number.Reforming increases the number of cycloalkanes and benzene ring-containing hydrocarbons to improve octane number.